Sunday, October 11, 2026

Euripides’ the Bachae: 10 questions

 Here are 10 thoughtful discussion questions that encourage close reading, interpretation, and critical thinking about The Bacchae:

  1. Why does Dionysus feel it is necessary to punish Pentheus and Thebes?
    Is his response justified, or does it seem excessive? What does this suggest about the nature of divine power in the play?
  2. How does Pentheus' refusal to recognize Dionysus contribute to his downfall?
    Is Pentheus a tragic hero, a tyrant, a victim, or some combination of these?
  3. What role does disguise and deception play in the drama?
    Why does Dionysus frequently conceal or manipulate appearances, and what does this reveal about truth in the play?
  4. The Bacchae often explores the tension between reason and emotion.
    How do Pentheus and Dionysus represent opposing forces, and what message might Euripides be conveying about the limits of each?
  5. How are gender roles challenged or inverted throughout the play?
    Consider Pentheus dressing as a woman, the behavior of the Bacchae, and Dionysus' own presentation.
  6. To what extent is Pentheus responsible for his fate?
    Could he have avoided disaster, or was he doomed from the moment he rejected Dionysus?
  7. What does the play suggest about the relationship between humans and the gods?
    Does Euripides portray the gods as worthy of worship, frighteningly arbitrary, or something else entirely?
  8. Why do ordinary people seem drawn to Dionysus and his worship?
    What needs or desires does Dionysian religion fulfill that the established social order does not?
  9. How should we interpret Agave's recognition scene at the end of the play?
    What makes this moment so powerful, and how does it change our understanding of the events that preceded it?
  10. If The Bacchae is ultimately about balance, what kinds of balance does Euripides advocate?
    Consider order and chaos, civilization and nature, reason and passion, human authority and divine authority.

Extension Question

Why do you think The Bacchae continues to be read and performed today?
What aspects of the play speak to contemporary concerns about power, identity, belief, social conformity, or human psychology?


Saturday, October 10, 2026

Video game categories for gamer types

 Quantic Foundry Player Motivation Model

  • Action: Destruction and Excitement
  • Social: Competition and Community
  • Mastery: Challenge and Strategy
  • Achievement: Completion and Power
  • Immersion: Fantasy and Story
  • Creativity: Design and Discovery

================

Acrobat: Acrobats are solo gamers who primarily want to take on challenging gameplay and they want to practice over and over again until they can take on the most difficult missions and bosses in the game. They enjoy games that are moderately paced, that require some thinking and figuring out the game mechanics on your own. What Acrobats really don’t care about is world-building and window-dressing. So in their popular games list, we see titles like Super Metroid, Tetris, and The Binding of Isaac.

For the Acrobat type, I would look for games that emphasize mastery, repetition, difficult challenges, and mechanical skill, while placing less importance on story, world-building, or social interaction.

Excellent Matches

Hollow Knight

  • Demanding combat and platforming
  • Tough boss fights that reward practice
  • Players spend hours learning attack patterns and refining techniques
  • Story exists, but you can largely ignore it and focus on mastery

Celeste

  • Precision platforming with hundreds of difficult challenges
  • Constant cycle of failure, learning, and improvement
  • Requires both quick reflexes and thoughtful problem-solving
  • One of the best examples of "practice until you succeed"

Cuphead

  • Boss-rush focused gameplay
  • Memorization and execution are essential
  • Every victory feels earned through repeated attempts
  • Minimal emphasis on exploration compared to gameplay mastery

Dead Cells

  • Fast-paced but strategic combat
  • Roguelike structure encourages repeated runs
  • Learning enemy patterns and weapon combinations is key
  • Similar appeal to The Binding of Isaac fans

Spelunky 2

  • Extremely difficult
  • Encourages experimentation and discovery of game systems
  • Success comes from deep understanding rather than grinding statistics
  • A favorite among players who enjoy mastering mechanics

FTL: Faster Than Light

  • More strategic than action-oriented
  • Requires repeated runs and learning systems
  • Every failure teaches something useful
  • Appeals to Acrobats who enjoy figuring out game mechanics

Hades

  • Repeated attempts gradually increase player skill
  • Bosses become easier through mastery, not just upgrades
  • Excellent balance of action and strategic decision-making

Super Meat Boy

  • Pure challenge platforming
  • Fast retries encourage practice
  • Little concern for narrative or world-building
  • Nearly a textbook Acrobat game

Older Classics

  • Mega Man X
  • Ninja Gaiden (NES)
  • Castlevania III
  • F-Zero GX
  • Ikaruga
  • Punch-Out!!

These games reward persistence, pattern recognition, and mechanical mastery.

Modern Indie Favorites

  • Slay the Spire
  • Enter the Gungeon
  • Noita
  • Balatro
  • Hotline Miami
  • Neon White
  • Monster Train
  • Katana ZERO

The strongest examples are probably Celeste, Hollow Knight, Cuphead, Super Meat Boy, Spelunky 2, and Dead Cells, because they exemplify the Acrobat's love of overcoming difficult challenges through persistence and skill.

=============================

 

The Gardener is almost the opposite of the Acrobat. Rather than chasing mastery and difficult challenges, Gardeners enjoy comfort, routine, collection, organization, and the satisfaction of checking things off a list. They want clear goals, low stress, and steady progress.

Excellent Matches

Stardew Valley

  • Plant crops, raise animals, decorate your farm
  • Constant stream of achievable tasks
  • Minimal pressure to optimize
  • Highly satisfying progression loop

Disney Dreamlight Valley

  • Quests are straightforward and clearly explained
  • Focus on collecting resources and decorating spaces
  • Relaxed pace with familiar characters

PowerWash Simulator

  • One of the purest "task completion" games ever made
  • Simple objective: clean everything
  • Extremely relaxing and satisfying
  • No complicated planning required

Unpacking

  • Gameplay revolves around unpacking boxes and organizing items
  • Clear rules and goals
  • Relaxing and methodical
  • Appeals strongly to players who enjoy completion for its own sake

A Little to the Left

  • Organizing and sorting puzzles
  • Immediate feedback
  • Low-pressure gameplay
  • Short, satisfying tasks

Collection-Focused Games

Pokémon Series

  • Catching and collecting creatures
  • Completing the Pokédex provides clear long-term goals
  • Rules are easy to understand
  • Constant rewards for progress

Lego Games

  • Collect studs, characters, and secrets
  • Simple gameplay systems
  • Completionist-friendly
  • Low frustration level

Suika Game

  • Easy to understand
  • Relaxing gameplay loop
  • Focus on building toward the next objective

Katamari Damacy

  • Roll up objects to make a bigger ball
  • Silly, low-stakes fun
  • Clear objectives in every level

Mobile and Casual Favorites

Candy Crush Saga

  • Straightforward goals
  • Constant rewards and progression
  • Short play sessions

Township

  • Build and manage a town
  • Repetitive but satisfying task loops

Merge Mansion

  • Combine items to create new items
  • Strong collection and completion appeal

Two Dots

  • Relaxing puzzle gameplay
  • Clear objectives
  • Gradual progression

Cozy Life Sim Games

Animal Crossing: New Horizons

  • Collect bugs, fish, fossils, and furniture
  • Daily routines
  • No significant penalties for mistakes
  • A quintessential Gardener game

Cozy Grove

  • Daily tasks and collecting
  • Gentle pacing
  • Strong sense of routine

Dinkum

  • Similar to Animal Crossing with crafting and collecting
  • Focus on gradual development of your town

Building and Decorating Games

House Flipper

  • Clean, renovate, and decorate homes
  • Clear objectives
  • Strong sense of accomplishment

Tiny Glade

  • Build castles, cottages, and landscapes
  • No failure conditions
  • Entirely focused on pleasant creation

Dorfromantik

  • Place tiles to build landscapes
  • Relaxing and intuitive
  • Rewards simple pattern recognition

Some of the strongest examples of the Gardener type are Animal Crossing, Stardew Valley, PowerWash Simulator, Unpacking, House Flipper, and Pokémon, because they emphasize clear goals, low stress, and the pleasure of steady accomplishment.

============================

Slayer: Slayers want to be the heroic protagonists in a cinematic story. They enjoy games with strong creative visions and highly curated narratives and experiences. Slayers are solo gamers who look for slower-paced, accessible gameplay. They care very little about power progression or strategic planning and prefer to just experience the game as it unfolds in the moment. In this sense, Slayers see games as highly interactive action movies. So in their popular games, we see a variety of narrative-focused games that tend to more linear and on-rails.

The Slayer is the player who wants to feel like the star of a blockbuster movie. They care less about optimizing builds, grinding for loot, or mastering difficult systems, and more about experiencing a compelling story, memorable characters, and dramatic set pieces. Gameplay serves the narrative rather than the other way around.

Perfect Fits

The Last of Us

  • Highly cinematic storytelling
  • Strong emotional character arcs
  • Accessible gameplay focused on supporting the narrative
  • Feels like participating in a prestige television series

Uncharted 4: A Thief's End

  • Essentially an interactive action-adventure movie
  • Spectacular scripted sequences
  • Charismatic protagonist
  • Limited emphasis on complex systems or strategy

Marvel's Spider-Man

  • Strong narrative with beloved characters
  • Accessible combat
  • Lets players feel like a superhero in a blockbuster film
  • Story drives the experience

God of War (2018)

  • Character-focused narrative
  • Cinematic presentation
  • Relatively straightforward progression
  • Players feel like the hero of an epic mythological adventure

Narrative Adventure Games

Life is Strange

  • Story and character relationships are central
  • Gameplay is simple and accessible
  • Emphasis on emotional investment

Telltale's The Walking Dead

  • Decision-based storytelling
  • Minimal mechanical complexity
  • Entirely focused on narrative and character development

Detroit: Become Human

  • Interactive drama
  • Cinematic presentation
  • Player choices shape the story
  • Very appealing to players who prioritize narrative

Until Dawn

  • Horror movie experience in game form
  • Strong emphasis on storytelling
  • Accessible gameplay systems

Story-Driven Action Games

Tomb Raider (2013)

  • Linear story progression
  • Strong protagonist
  • Action sequences support the narrative

Star Wars Jedi: Fallen Order

  • Hero's journey narrative
  • Cinematic presentation
  • Accessible enough for players primarily interested in story

Guardians of the Galaxy

  • Character-focused storytelling
  • Memorable dialogue and relationships
  • Gameplay takes a back seat to the narrative experience

Control

  • Strong creative vision
  • Narrative mystery unfolds gradually
  • Players are drawn through the story and atmosphere

Modern Action-Movie Experiences

A Plague Tale: Innocence

  • Linear and story-focused
  • Strong emotional narrative
  • Beautifully directed set pieces

A Plague Tale: Requiem

  • Expands on the first game's cinematic approach
  • Focus on characters and storytelling

Hellblade: Senua's Sacrifice

  • Deeply narrative-driven
  • Strong artistic vision
  • Designed as a curated experience rather than a systems-driven game

Firewatch

  • Narrative and atmosphere come first
  • Slow pace
  • Character relationships drive engagement

Role-Playing Games That Appeal to Slayers

While many RPGs emphasize character builds and strategy, these are especially narrative-focused:

Mass Effect Legendary Edition

  • Epic story with memorable characters
  • Player choices matter
  • Heroic protagonist at the center of the narrative

The Witcher 3

  • Strong storytelling and quests
  • Rich characters
  • Many players engage primarily for the narrative experience

Final Fantasy XVI

  • Highly cinematic
  • Linear progression compared to many RPGs
  • Feels like playing through an epic fantasy film

Indie Narrative Games

What Remains of Edith Finch

  • Storytelling masterpiece
  • Minimal challenge
  • Focus entirely on experiencing the narrative

Oxenfree

  • Character-driven supernatural mystery
  • Accessible gameplay
  • Strong writing

Kentucky Route Zero

  • Artistic and narrative-focused
  • Appeals to players interested in story and atmosphere

Some of the strongest examples of the Slayer type are The Last of Us, Uncharted 4, Marvel's Spider-Man, Life is Strange, Detroit: Become Human, and A Plague Tale, because they prioritize story, character, and cinematic presentation over challenge, optimization, or strategic complexity.

=========================

Skirmisher: Skirmishers are centered on Action-Social motivations—the cluster of the first 4 motivations on top. They’re looking for fast-paced team arenas that aren’t too challenging and don’t require much thinking and planning. They want exciting arenas that they can easily hop into. The low completion score means they are fine with more match-based games where everything resets each match (instead of being persistent and cumulative). In their popular games list, we see online shooters like Call of Duty and Battlefield. There’s a much lower % of female gamers among Skirmishers, and they are slightly younger than average.

The Skirmisher wants instant action, social interaction, and low commitment. They don't necessarily want to become elite competitors or spend hours studying strategies. Instead, they want to jump into a match, have fun with friends, experience exciting moments, and then do it all again in the next round.

Perfect Fits

Call of Duty

  • Fast-paced matches
  • Easy to jump into for a few rounds
  • Constant action and rewards
  • Minimal long-term planning required

Battlefield

  • Large-scale team battles
  • Lots of exciting, unscripted moments
  • Accessible objectives such as capturing points
  • Emphasis on teamwork without demanding deep coordination

Halo Infinite

  • Arena-style multiplayer
  • Easy-to-understand objectives
  • Fun social experience
  • Skill matters, but casual players can still contribute

Star Wars Battlefront II

  • Simple controls and objectives
  • Spectacular action
  • Strong appeal for players who want excitement over mastery

Hero Shooters

Overwatch 2

  • Fast-paced team matches
  • Distinct character roles
  • Easy to switch heroes and experiment
  • Focus on teamwork and action

Marvel Rivals

  • Superhero team battles
  • Colorful, chaotic matches
  • Quick matchmaking and short games
  • Appeals strongly to players who want social action

Team Fortress 2

  • Simple objectives
  • Distinct classes
  • Casual and humorous atmosphere
  • Easy to play without extensive planning

Battle Royale Games

Fortnite

  • Social and accessible
  • Constant action opportunities
  • Play with friends
  • Numerous casual modes beyond competitive play

Apex Legends

  • Team-oriented gameplay
  • Fast rounds
  • Strong emphasis on communication and cooperation
  • Exciting movement systems

Fall Guys

  • Competitive but lighthearted
  • Easy to understand
  • Short matches
  • Strong social appeal

Sports and Vehicle Games

Rocket League

  • Extremely easy to understand
  • Match-based structure
  • Great with friends
  • Every game starts fresh

EA Sports FC

  • Quick online matches
  • Social competition
  • Minimal persistence between games

Mario Kart 8 Deluxe

  • Fast races
  • Accessible for almost any skill level
  • Great party and online experience

Party and Social Games

Among Us

  • Social interaction is the main attraction
  • Matches reset completely
  • Simple rules
  • Encourages memorable group experiences

Gang Beasts

  • Silly multiplayer action
  • No long-term progression needed
  • Easy to jump in and play

Party Animals

  • Chaotic and accessible
  • Short rounds
  • Focus on fun rather than mastery

Cooperative Skirmisher Games

Deep Rock Galactic

  • Team-based missions
  • Easy to drop into a game
  • Cooperative rather than highly competitive
  • Lots of action with manageable complexity

Helldivers 2

  • Fast-paced cooperative combat
  • Team objectives
  • Social gameplay is central
  • Minimal emphasis on persistent character optimization

Left 4 Dead 2

  • Straightforward teamwork
  • Exciting action sequences
  • Easy-to-understand goals

Games Skirmishers Might Not Enjoy

Compared with other player types:

  • Hollow Knight (too difficult and mastery-focused; more Acrobat)
  • Civilization VI (too much planning and strategy)
  • Animal Crossing (too slow and task-oriented; more Gardener)
  • The Last of Us (too narrative-focused; more Slayer)
  • EVE Online (requires extensive planning and commitment)

Some of the strongest examples of the Skirmisher type are Call of Duty, Battlefield, Halo Infinite, Fortnite, Overwatch 2, Rocket League, and Marvel Rivals, because they provide immediate action, social interaction, and low-commitment matches that players can easily jump into with friends.

=========================

Gladiator: Gladiators are much more likely to identify as hardcore gamers, and they want games to engage them using a broad spectrum of features. They are looking for an epic experience that provides team arenas, fast-paced explosive gameplay, power progression mechanics, challenging gameplay that requires strategic thinking, and a rich world setting with lots to explore and customize. We see a lot of MMOs and shooters in their list of popular titles, like Destiny, Gears of War, and Black Desert Online.

 

The Gladiator is the "I want everything" player. Unlike the Skirmisher, who just wants quick action, the Gladiator wants action plus progression, plus competition, plus teamwork, plus a rich world. They tend to be highly invested in games and are willing to learn complex systems if the payoff is an epic experience.

Perfect Fits

Destiny 2

  • Probably one of the ultimate Gladiator games
  • Fast-paced shooter combat
  • Raids and team activities
  • Deep progression systems
  • Rich science-fiction universe
  • Extensive gear customization

World of Warcraft

  • Massive world to explore
  • Cooperative and competitive play
  • Character progression
  • Challenging raids and dungeons
  • Strong social communities

Black Desert Online

  • Deep customization
  • Vast world
  • PvP and PvE activities
  • Extensive progression systems
  • Appeals strongly to players who enjoy long-term investment

Warframe

  • Fast-paced combat
  • Hundreds of weapons and builds
  • Cooperative missions
  • Huge amount of progression and customization
  • Constant goals to pursue

MMO Favorites

Final Fantasy XIV

  • Rich storytelling and worldbuilding
  • Group dungeons and raids
  • Character progression
  • Large-scale social experience
  • High level of player commitment

Guild Wars 2

  • World exploration
  • Cooperative events
  • Flexible playstyles
  • Strong community interactions
  • Deep customization options

The Elder Scrolls Online

  • Huge fantasy world
  • Group content and PvP
  • Character advancement
  • Exploration and lore

Competitive Team Shooters

Gears of War

  • Team-based combat
  • Strategic gameplay
  • Skill development
  • Competitive multiplayer
  • Strong progression systems

Rainbow Six Siege

  • Team coordination is critical
  • Tactical depth
  • Long-term mastery
  • Operator customization
  • Appeals to hardcore players

Apex Legends

  • Fast action
  • Teamwork
  • Character specialization
  • Skill development and progression
  • Competitive environment

The Finals

  • High-energy matches
  • Team-based objectives
  • Customizable loadouts
  • Emphasis on both action and strategy

Open-World Action RPGs

Monster Hunter: World

  • Challenging gameplay
  • Cooperative hunting
  • Extensive equipment progression
  • Deep mastery systems
  • Rich environments

Monster Hunter Wilds

  • Large-scale exploration
  • Team-oriented gameplay
  • Long-term progression goals
  • Demands both skill and strategic thinking

Diablo IV

  • Constant progression
  • Loot collection
  • Character builds
  • Cooperative and competitive content
  • Endless optimization opportunities

Path of Exile

  • Extremely deep progression
  • Complex character building
  • Long-term goals
  • Appeals to highly engaged players

Survival and Sandbox Games

Ark: Survival Ascended

  • Exploration
  • Base building
  • Multiplayer cooperation and conflict
  • Progression systems
  • Large persistent world

Rust

  • PvP competition
  • Crafting and progression
  • Strategic planning
  • Strong social dynamics

Valheim

  • Exploration and discovery
  • Cooperative play
  • Character advancement
  • Challenging bosses
  • Rich worldbuilding

Science Fiction Gladiator Games

Helldivers 2

  • Intense cooperative action
  • Teamwork
  • Unlockable equipment
  • Ongoing progression
  • Large-scale battles

EVE Online

  • Massive player-driven universe
  • Strategic depth
  • Long-term progression
  • Strong social structures
  • Appeals to highly invested players

Star Citizen

  • Expansive universe
  • Social interaction
  • Exploration and progression
  • High player investment

Games Gladiators Often Love

Notice how many Gladiator games combine multiple motivations at once:

MotivationGladiator Wants
ActionFast-paced combat
ChallengeDifficult content and mastery
SocialTeams, guilds, clans
StrategyBuilds, tactics, planning
ProgressionBetter gear and stronger characters
DiscoveryLarge worlds and exploration
CustomizationAppearance and playstyle options

 

The strongest examples of the Gladiator type are probably Destiny 2, World of Warcraft, Final Fantasy XIV, Warframe, Monster Hunter: World, Black Desert Online, and Rainbow Six Siege, because they combine nearly every major player motivation into one large, long-term gaming experience.

 =====================================

Ninja: Ninjas, like Acrobats, care about taking on difficult challenges. But Ninjas also want strategic decision making, fast-pacing, and competition. So they see video games as places to test their skill and wits against other players. The low Completion score again points to a preference for match-based gameplay where every match starts fresh, and Ninjas aren’t driven by in-game progression as much as they’re driven by skill-based mastery. In their popular games list, we see titles like StarCraft and Street Fighter.

The Ninja is the ultimate competitive mastery player. Like the Acrobat, Ninjas love challenge and skill development. Unlike the Acrobat, however, they want to test those skills against other human players. Ninjas thrive on games where victory comes from superior execution, quick thinking, adaptation, and strategic decision-making rather than character levels, loot, or story progression.

Perfect Fits

StarCraft II

  • Perhaps the classic Ninja game
  • Requires lightning-fast decision making
  • Deep strategic planning
  • Every match is a test of skill and adaptation
  • Virtually no reliance on progression systems

Street Fighter 6

  • Pure skill-based competition
  • Rewards practice and mastery
  • Every opponent presents a new challenge
  • Deep mechanics hidden beneath simple controls

Tekken 8

  • High skill ceiling
  • Match-based competition
  • Extensive mastery opportunities
  • Strong competitive community

Guilty Gear Strive

  • Fast-paced action
  • Demanding execution
  • Constant mental battles between players
  • Appeals strongly to players who enjoy learning complex systems

Other Fighting Games

Super Smash Bros. Ultimate

  • Easy to learn, difficult to master
  • Strong competitive scene
  • Rewards creativity and adaptation
  • Every match starts fresh

Mortal Kombat 1

  • Competitive one-on-one gameplay
  • Emphasis on matchup knowledge
  • Rewards dedicated practice

Rivals of Aether II

  • Platform fighter focused on skill expression
  • Little emphasis on progression
  • Strong competitive focus

Competitive Strategy Games

Age of Empires IV

  • Strategic depth
  • Real-time decision making
  • Competitive multiplayer focus
  • Rewards game knowledge and adaptation

Warcraft III

  • Combines strategy and mechanical skill
  • Direct player-versus-player competition
  • Deep mastery opportunities

Company of Heroes 3

  • Tactical decision making
  • Competitive matches
  • Dynamic battlefield adaptation

Tactical Shooters

Counter-Strike 2

  • One of the purest Ninja games available
  • Skill-based gunplay
  • Strategic teamwork
  • Every round resets
  • Extremely little reliance on progression

Valorant

  • Combines precise shooting with tactical abilities
  • Rewards both strategy and execution
  • Competitive focus over progression

Rainbow Six Siege

  • High level of planning and adaptation
  • Competitive nature
  • Strong emphasis on outsmarting opponents

Fast-Paced Competitive Games

Rocket League

  • Pure skill expression
  • No character stats or gear advantages
  • Fast matches
  • Infinite room for improvement

Quake Champions

  • Arena combat focused on player skill
  • Fast movement
  • Intense one-on-one and team competition

The Finals

  • Fast-paced combat
  • Strategic teamwork
  • Competitive focus
  • Dynamic environments require adaptation

MOBAs

League of Legends

  • Strategic planning
  • Mechanical skill
  • Team competition
  • Constant adaptation to opponents

Dota 2

  • Enormous strategic depth
  • Skill and decision making are equally important
  • Highly competitive environment

Heroes of the Storm

  • More accessible than many MOBAs
  • Still emphasizes teamwork and adaptation

Sports and Racing Games

FIFA / EA Sports FC

  • Competitive matches
  • Skill-based play
  • Constant adaptation to opponents

Gran Turismo 7

  • Competitive racing
  • Precision and mastery
  • Success depends on skill, not progression

iRacing

  • One of the most competitive racing environments
  • Rewards dedication and mastery

Games Ninjas Might Not Enjoy

Compared to your other player types:

  • Animal Crossing (too relaxed; Gardener)
  • The Last of Us (story-focused; Slayer)
  • World of Warcraft (too much progression; Gladiator)
  • Candy Crush (little competitive depth; Gardener)
  • PowerWash Simulator (low challenge and competition)

Understanding the Ninja

A Ninja player is often asking:

"Can I beat another skilled human being through better strategy, execution, and adaptation?"

They are motivated less by virtual rewards and more by self-improvement and competition.

MotivationNinja Wants
ChallengeVery High
CompetitionVery High
StrategyHigh
Skill MasteryVery High
ProgressionLow
StoryLow
CollectionLow
SocializingModerate (primarily through competition)

Great Examples for Students

If you want especially recognizable examples, I'd highlight:

  • StarCraft II
  • Street Fighter 6
  • Tekken 8
  • Counter-Strike 2
  • Valorant
  • Rocket League
  • League of Legends
  • Dota 2

These games perfectly capture the Ninja mindset: every match is a fresh contest where success depends primarily on skill, strategy, and adaptation rather than character progression or story.

==============================

Bounty Hunter: Where the Slayer wanted an on-rails curated cinematic experience, the Bounty Hunter wants a game world that they can make their own through customization and exploration. So where the Slayer had low Discovery and Design scores, we see above-average Discovery and Design scores here for the Bounty Hunter. Bounty Hunters are also interested in power progression through leveling up their characters and upgrading their weapons. So they want to see their characters grow and become powerful in the context of the world. This is also something that differentiates them from the Slayer, who didn’t care about power progression and seemed to be more interested in the moment-to-moment experience of the game. So here in the Bounty Hunter’s popular games, we see titles like Saints Row, Far Cry, and Mass Effect.

The Bounty Hunter is the explorer-adventurer. They want to be the hero of a story, but unlike the Slayer, they don't want to be led down a carefully scripted path. They want freedom to roam, customize their character, discover secrets, complete side quests, and steadily become more powerful. If the Slayer wants an interactive movie, the Bounty Hunter wants an interactive world.

Perfect Fits

Mass Effect Legendary Edition

  • Customize your character and abilities
  • Explore planets and complete side missions
  • Build relationships with companions
  • Meaningful character progression
  • One of the defining Bounty Hunter games

Far Cry 5

  • Open-world exploration
  • Weapons and skill upgrades
  • Freedom to tackle objectives in different ways
  • Strong sense of becoming more powerful over time

Cyberpunk 2077

  • Extensive character customization
  • Large world filled with side activities
  • Multiple playstyles and builds
  • Strong progression and gear systems

Assassin's Creed Odyssey

  • Massive world to explore
  • Character leveling and equipment upgrades
  • Hundreds of quests and discoveries
  • Encourages players to forge their own path

Open-World RPG Classics

Skyrim

  • Perhaps the ultimate Bounty Hunter game
  • Explore wherever you want
  • Join different factions
  • Develop unique character builds
  • Constant sense of discovery

Fallout 4

  • Open-ended exploration
  • Base building and customization
  • Character progression
  • Environmental storytelling

Fallout: New Vegas

  • Freedom of choice
  • Multiple solutions to quests
  • Character specialization
  • Exploration rewarded around every corner

The Outer Worlds

  • Similar to Fallout
  • Strong role-playing opportunities
  • Companion relationships
  • Character growth and customization

Action RPGs

The Witcher 3

  • Rich world filled with secrets
  • Character progression through skills and equipment
  • Exploration rewarded with stories and discoveries
  • Many players spend as much time exploring as following the main quest

Dragon Age: Inquisition

  • Large regions to explore
  • Powerful customization systems
  • Character growth
  • Strong blend of story and freedom

Kingdoms of Amalur: Re-Reckoning

  • Fast combat
  • Extensive skill trees
  • Loot-driven progression
  • Open-world exploration

Horizon Forbidden West

  • Exploration-focused design
  • Equipment upgrades
  • Character progression
  • Beautiful world full of optional activities

Science Fiction Bounty Hunters

Starfield

  • Explore planets and star systems
  • Ship customization
  • Character builds
  • Faction storylines
  • Discovery is a major motivation

No Man's Sky

  • Massive universe to explore
  • Progression through equipment and technology
  • Base building
  • Endless sense of discovery

Star Wars Outlaws

  • Open-world structure
  • Exploration and side missions
  • Character and equipment progression
  • Strong "space adventurer" fantasy

Sandbox and Open-World Favorites

Red Dead Redemption 2

  • Vast world filled with activities
  • Hunting, exploration, side missions
  • Character development
  • Encourages players to immerse themselves in the world

Ghost of Tsushima

  • Exploration rewarded constantly
  • Character progression
  • Beautiful open world
  • Players choose how to approach challenges

Days Gone

  • Open-world survival
  • Character upgrades
  • Motorcycle customization
  • Exploration and resource gathering

Loot-Driven Bounty Hunter Games

Borderlands 3

  • Character classes and progression
  • Huge variety of weapons
  • Exploration and side quests
  • Constant feeling of becoming stronger

Diablo IV

  • Endless loot upgrades
  • Character builds
  • Exploration and quests
  • Power progression is central

Destiny 2

  • Also appeals to Gladiators
  • Exploration and progression
  • Extensive gear systems
  • Character customization

What Separates a Bounty Hunter from a Slayer?

SlayerBounty Hunter
Wants a cinematic storyWants a world to explore
Enjoys curated experiencesEnjoys player freedom
Doesn't care much about levelingEnjoys becoming stronger
Follows the main storyOften gets distracted by side content
Interactive movieInteractive world

For example:

  • A Slayer might play The Last of Us because they want to experience Joel and Ellie's story.
  • A Bounty Hunter might play Skyrim for 200 hours and barely touch the main quest because they're busy exploring caves, collecting gear, and developing their character.

Strongest Examples

If you're giving students a short list, I'd recommend:

  • Skyrim
  • Mass Effect Legendary Edition
  • Far Cry 5
  • Cyberpunk 2077
  • The Witcher 3
  • Fallout 4
  • Assassin's Creed Odyssey
  • Borderlands 3

These games best capture the Bounty Hunter's love of exploration, customization, progression, and creating their own adventure within a game world.

==========================

Architect: The Architect wants planning and decision-making that leads to progression and task completion in the game. They also want games with interesting settings and stories. They strongly prefer solo gameplay, without teamwork or competition, so they have full control over their gameplay experience. And they prefer games that are slow-paced, relaxing, and serene. This is a player segment that wants to plan and build something tall and enduring. They want to build something over time and have it not be destroyed. In their popular games list, we see titles like Europa Universalis and Civilization.

The Architect is the master planner and builder. They enjoy thinking several moves ahead, developing long-term strategies, and creating something that grows steadily over time. Unlike the Gladiator, they don't need competition or teamwork. Unlike the Gardener, they enjoy complex decision-making and optimization. And unlike the Ninja, they aren't looking for a test of reflexes. They want to sit back, think, plan, and watch their plans unfold.

If the Bounty Hunter wants to explore a world, the Architect wants to shape a world.

Perfect Fits

Civilization VI

  • A textbook Architect game
  • Long-term planning across hundreds of turns
  • Build an enduring civilization
  • Balance economics, diplomacy, science, and military development
  • Success comes from strategic thinking

Europa Universalis IV

  • One of the deepest strategy games ever made
  • Manage a nation across centuries
  • Complex diplomacy and economics
  • Long-term consequences for every decision
  • Appeals strongly to players who enjoy grand planning

Crusader Kings III

  • Guide a dynasty through generations
  • Political intrigue and long-term strategy
  • Rich historical setting
  • Story emerges from player decisions

Victoria 3

  • Focuses on economics, industrialization, and social development
  • Less about warfare than many strategy games
  • Ideal for players who enjoy building systems over time

City-Building Games

Cities: Skylines

  • Build and manage a city
  • Long-term infrastructure planning
  • Relaxing pace
  • Strong sense of ownership and permanence

Cities: Skylines II

  • Expands strategic management systems
  • More detailed urban planning
  • Appeals to players who enjoy optimization

SimCity 4

  • A classic builder's game
  • Careful planning leads to city growth
  • Highly rewarding for methodical players

Manor Lords

  • Combines city building with historical strategy
  • Slow-paced development
  • Strong atmosphere and worldbuilding

Colony and Settlement Builders

Banished

  • Build a village from scratch
  • Every decision affects long-term survival
  • Slow and thoughtful gameplay

Frostpunk

  • Difficult ethical and strategic decisions
  • City management combined with narrative
  • Strong atmosphere and storytelling

Against the Storm

  • Balances city-building and long-term planning
  • Rich strategic decision-making
  • Rewarding progression systems

Foundation

  • Organic city-building
  • Relaxing and methodical
  • Encourages thoughtful growth

Management Sims

Two Point Hospital

  • Design and run a hospital
  • Balance resources and growth
  • Lighthearted but strategic

Planet Zoo

  • Build and manage a zoo
  • Detailed customization
  • Long-term planning and creativity

Planet Coaster

  • Design theme parks
  • Manage finances and guests
  • Strong builder appeal

Jurassic World Evolution 2

  • Build and maintain a dinosaur park
  • Strategic management combined with creativity

Factory and Optimization Games

Factorio

  • One of the ultimate Architect games
  • Build increasingly complex production networks
  • Continuously refine and improve efficiencies
  • Progress is highly satisfying

Satisfactory

  • Similar appeal with a first-person perspective
  • Build massive industrial systems
  • Relaxed pacing and long-term goals

Dyson Sphere Program

  • Create interplanetary industrial networks
  • Enormous scale
  • Appeals to players who enjoy ambitious projects

Oxygen Not Included

  • Deep systems management
  • Careful planning required
  • Every system affects every other system

Historical and Political Strategy

Old World

  • Civilization-style gameplay with character-driven storytelling
  • Strategic planning mixed with narrative elements

Total War: Three Kingdoms

  • Grand strategy combined with a rich historical setting
  • Long-term empire building
  • Strong narrative flavor

Total War: Medieval II

  • Build a kingdom over generations
  • Diplomacy, warfare, and economic growth
  • Appeals to historically minded Architects

Narrative-Focused Architect Games

Because Architects also score high in story and setting, they often enjoy games where strategy unfolds within an interesting world.

Endless Legend

  • Rich fantasy setting
  • Deep strategic systems
  • Strong lore and worldbuilding

Stellaris

  • Explore and shape a galactic civilization
  • Create your own stories
  • Strategic planning on a huge scale

Galactic Civilizations IV

  • Long-term empire building
  • Science-fiction setting
  • Focus on growth and development

What Separates Architects from Gardeners?

GardenerArchitect
Enjoys completing tasksEnjoys creating long-term systems
Prefers simple rulesEnjoys complex decision-making
Focuses on immediate goalsFocuses on future consequences
Low planning requirementsHigh planning requirements
Collects and organizesDesigns and optimizes

A Gardener might enjoy planting crops in Animal Crossing.

An Architect wants to determine the optimal city layout in Cities: Skylines or develop a civilization that dominates the world in Civilization VI.


What Separates Architects from Gladiators?

ArchitectGladiator
Solo-focusedSocial-focused
Relaxed pacingAction-oriented
Long-term planningImmediate action plus planning
Permanent creationsCompetitive environments
Strategic buildingStrategic battling

Strongest Examples

If you want just a handful of representative titles for students, I'd recommend:

  • Civilization VI
  • Europa Universalis IV
  • Crusader Kings III
  • Cities: Skylines
  • Factorio
  • Stellaris
  • Planet Zoo
  • Victoria 3

These games best capture the Architect's desire to plan carefully, build something enduring, make meaningful decisions, and watch a complex system flourish over time.

==============================

Bard: And finally, Bards are social players who want to chat and interact with other players in game worlds that are rich with lore, stories, discovery, and customization. They want to be part of a grand story in a community of other players that together craft and shape the world and the stories that get told. For them, the game is a theatrical stage. They care very little about power progression and task completion, and want to just experience the game world organically. In their popular games, we see titles like The Secret World and Final Fantasy XIV.

 

The Bard is perhaps the most community-oriented of all the player types. Where the Gladiator wants to conquer the world, the Bard wants to live in it. Where the Gardener enjoys tasks and the Slayer enjoys stories, the Bard enjoys shared stories. They see games as social spaces, performance spaces, and collaborative storytelling spaces.

A Bard often asks:

"Who can I meet here? What stories can we create together? What kind of person can I become in this world?"

Perfect Fits

Final Fantasy XIV

  • Possibly the quintessential Bard game
  • Rich lore and storytelling
  • Massive social community
  • Housing, fashion, roleplaying, and community events
  • Many players spend as much time socializing as fighting monsters

The Secret World

  • Deep worldbuilding and mysteries
  • Strong emphasis on lore and investigation
  • Unique setting encourages exploration and discussion
  • Appeals to players who enjoy immersion

Guild Wars 2

  • Dynamic world events
  • Strong cooperative play
  • Rich fantasy setting
  • Encourages exploration and community participation

The Elder Scrolls Online

  • Massive world full of stories
  • Extensive customization
  • Strong roleplaying community
  • Players can focus on exploration rather than optimization

MMO Worlds That Function as Social Spaces

World of Warcraft

  • Huge social communities
  • Rich lore stretching across decades
  • Guilds, events, and roleplaying servers
  • Many players become invested in the world as much as the gameplay

Lord of the Rings Online

  • Deep lore drawn from Tolkien
  • Exploration is heavily rewarded
  • Strong roleplaying culture
  • Appeals to players who enjoy inhabiting a fictional world

Star Wars: The Old Republic

  • Story-rich MMO
  • Character identity and customization
  • Strong community interactions
  • Shared experiences within a beloved setting

Star Trek Online

  • Ideal for players who enjoy collaborative storytelling
  • Extensive faction identity
  • Relaxed pace compared to more competitive MMOs

Social Sandbox Games

Minecraft

  • Endless creativity
  • Players build communities together
  • Shared stories emerge naturally
  • Exploration and discovery are central

Roblox

  • Social experiences across countless worlds
  • Strong emphasis on community-created content
  • Identity expression through avatars and customization

VRChat

  • Perhaps one of the purest Bard experiences available
  • The game itself is largely social interaction
  • Vast range of communities and roleplay spaces
  • Creativity and self-expression are central

Second Life

  • Entirely centered on social worlds
  • User-generated stories and spaces
  • Identity and community are primary motivations

Roleplaying and Narrative Communities

Neverwinter Nights (Persistent Worlds)

  • Dedicated roleplaying servers
  • Collaborative storytelling
  • Character-centered social experiences

Star Citizen

  • Emerging player-driven stories
  • Exploration and social interaction
  • Strong identity and roleplay communities

Pax Dei

  • Community-built settlements and social structures
  • Emphasis on cooperation and world-building
  • Strong appeal for players who enjoy living in a shared world

Exploration-Focused Bards

No Man's Sky

  • Exploration and discovery
  • Cooperative adventures
  • Community expeditions
  • Less focused on competition than many multiplayer games

Sea of Thieves

  • Shared adventures create memorable stories
  • Exploration and social interaction are central
  • Success often depends on communication and cooperation

Journey

  • Minimal communication
  • Yet deeply social and emotional
  • Shared experiences emerge naturally

Games Bards Often Love for Unexpected Reasons

Animal Crossing: New Horizons

  • Visiting friends' islands
  • Sharing creativity
  • Building communities
  • Less about winning and more about belonging

Disney Dreamlight Valley

  • Rich setting and characters
  • Customization and self-expression
  • Appeals to players who enjoy inhabiting a world

Hogwarts Legacy

  • Even though it's single-player, many Bard-type players enjoy it because of the feeling of living within a beloved fictional world.

What Separates a Bard from a Gladiator?

BardGladiator
CommunityCompetition
Shared storiesShared victories
Identity and self-expressionMastery and progression
ExplorationAchievement
RoleplayOptimization

A Gladiator joins a guild to conquer a raid.

A Bard joins a guild because that's where the stories happen.


What Separates a Bard from a Bounty Hunter?

Bounty HunterBard
Wants personal adventureWants shared adventure
Character progression mattersCharacter identity matters
Focus on becoming strongerFocus on belonging to the world
Exploration for rewardsExploration for experience and discovery

A Bounty Hunter enters a cave hoping to find better gear.

A Bard enters a cave hoping to uncover an interesting story and then tell friends about it afterward.


Strongest Examples for Students

If I were making a short list for a classroom activity, I would suggest:

  • Final Fantasy XIV
  • The Secret World
  • Guild Wars 2
  • The Elder Scrolls Online
  • Minecraft
  • VRChat
  • Sea of Thieves
  • Lord of the Rings Online

These games best capture the Bard's desire to participate in a living world, form relationships, discover stories, express identity, and help create memorable experiences with other players.